McShane 11e-Ch02

Learning Objectives
- personality, Big Five personality factors related to workplace behavior and performance
- the dark triad of personality and the MBTI types, implications for organizational behavior
- Schwartz's model of individual values and the conditions
- Four ethical principles and three factors influencing ethical behavior
- Five values commonly studied across cultures and the diverse cultures within Canada

Individual differences at Bridgewater Associates

Personality in Organizations
- The relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions & behaviors... 
- Personality traits: individual differences
* enduring 지속되는 enduring patter, enduring memories
* discernible 알아차릴만한, 구별/식별할만한 discernible patterns, discernible difference

Nature vs. Nurture of Personality
- Influenced by nature: 50% of behavioral tendencies by heredity
- Influenced by nurture: Socialization, learning
- Personality stabilizes in young adulthood.
* nurture 양육, 육성
* heredity 유전 heredity effect, heredity, and environment
* stabilize 안정되다, 안정시키다 
* executive function (심리학) 집행기능 

Five-Factor Personality Model - CANOE
Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Extraversion
* conscientiousness 양심적인, 성실한
* neuroticism 신경질, 신경증적 성질
* extraversion 외향성 = extroversion , app.introversion

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter13-150323181053-conversion-gate01/95/chapter-13-personality-33-638.jpg?cb=1427152372

 

Five-Factor Personality and Individual Behavior 
Proficient task performance: Conscientiousness, Extraversion
Adaptive task performance: Emotional stability, Extraversion (assertiveness), Openness to experience
Proactive task performance: Extraversion (assertiveness), Openness to experience
Organizational citizenship: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness
Counterproductive work behaviors: Conscientiousness,  Agreeableness
* assertiveness :  확신을 가진 적극성, 주장 

Five-Factor Model and Behavior: Further Information
* extraverted: 외향적
* adaptive: 조정의, 적응할 수 있는

Five-Factor Model Issues
- The higher scores aren't always better.
- Specific traits may predict better than the overall Big Five factor
- Personality isn't static
- The Five-Factor model doesn't cover all personality concepts

The Dark Triad 
Machiavellianism
* deceit
* misleading (mislead 호도하다)
* outwitting (outwit ~ 보다 한수 앞서다 = outsmart)
Narcissism
* entitlement (공식적으로 인정받는) 자격,권리, (정부)재정지원혜택
* intensely 몹시
Psychopathy
* ruthlessly 무자비하게, 잔인하게
* dominate and manipulate 
* superficial 피상적인, 깊지 않은 
* impulsive 충동적인
* self-promoters 자화자찬

Dark Triad and Workplace Behavior

Jungian & Myers-Briggs Types
(MBTI)
* impersonal 비인간적인
* abstract 추상적인

Evaluating the MBTI
* cognitive 인식의, 인지의

Values in the Workplace
* hierarchy 계층, a person's hierarchy of values

Schwartz's Values Model
* quadrant 사분면
* status quo 현재의 상태 preserve the status quo, keep the status quo
* transcendence 초월,  transcende 초월하다 

Importance of Values at IKEA
* congruent 알맞은, 적절한, 합동의 

How Values Influence Decisions and Behavior

When Values Don't Predict Behavior
* motivational 동기를 부여하는 
* counter-motivational 역으로 - 

Values Congruence 
The similarity of a person's values hierarchy to another source
* values congruence 가치 부합
* cohesion 단결, 결속
* turnover 회전율, 이직률

Ethical Values and Behavior
Four ethical principles: 
1. Utilitarianism: Greatest good for the greatest number
2. Individual rights: Everyone has the same natural rights
3. Distributive justice: Benefits and burdens should be the same or proportional
4. Ethic of care: Moral obligation to help others.
* utilitarianism 공리주의, 실리주의
* distributive justice 분배의 공정
* ethic of care 보살핌의 윤리

Moral Intensity and Ethical Conduct
*intensity 강렬함, 강도

Supporting Ethical Behavior
* wrongdoing 비행

Individualism
* self-sufficiency in 
* control over ~에 대한 통제

Collectivism 
* 집단이기주의

Power Distance 
* obedience 복종, 순종

Uncertainty Avoidance
* avoidance 회피
* ambiguity 모호함(애매함)

Achievement-Nurturing
* materialism 물질주의